Healthy Aging Green Spaces Can Lead to a Longer Life

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Researchers have revealed in a study that people who are surrounded by more green spaces lived a longer life as compared to people who lived in less green spaces. It further stated that people were biologically 2.5 years younger, on average, than their counterparts.

Chicago/USA – More green spaces were associated with slower biological aging, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study. People who lived near more green spaces were biologically 2.5 years younger, on average, than those who live near less greenness.

The benefits of green spaces were not equal, however. The scientists found variations in race, sex and socioeconomic status.

Northwestern scientists conducted a study to see if living near green spaces, like parks and areas with a lot of plants, can affect how our bodies age and contribute to overall healthy aging.

“When we think about staying healthy as we get older, we usually focus on things like eating well, exercising and getting enough sleep,” said Kyeezu Kim, first author on the study and a postdoctoral scholar in preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “However, our research shows that the environment we live in, specifically our community and access to green spaces, is also important for staying healthy as we age.”

The study was published on June 28 in Science Advances. The study is the first to investigate the effect of long-term exposure (about 20 years of exposure) on urban green space and biological aging, specifically using DNA methylation-based epigenetic age.

DNA methylation-based epigenetic age refers to chemical changes in DNA that may influence various age-related health outcomes. Epigenetic age is a biomarker of aging associated with age-related disease and all-cause mortality.

The investigators discovered variations in the benefits of green spaces for biological aging based on race, sex and socioeconomic status.

The study involved more than 900 individuals residing in four cities across the U.S.: Birmingham, Ala.; Chicago; Minneapolis; and Oakland, Calif. This sample represents a subset of a larger-scale cohort study conducted in the U.S., the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia).

Researchers evaluated the 20-year exposure to surrounding green spaces using satellite imaging, which allowed them to quantify the overall vegetation (greenness proportion) as well as the presence of major parks near the participants' residences. To assess participants' biological age, scientists analyzed their blood DNA methylation.

“Our study highlights that the natural environment, like green space, affects your health at a molecular level (changes in DNA methylation), which was detectable in blood,” said senior author Dr. Lifang Hou, professor of preventive medicine at Feinberg. “Our research team has extensively investigated the molecular-level changes associated with various age-related health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive function and mortality. This particular study contributes to our understanding of how the natural environment influences these health outcomes.”

The disparities observed in the study based on race, sex and socioeconomic status underscore the importance of conducting future research to investigate the role of social determinants of health in relation to the surrounding environment and healthy aging, Hou said.

“We believe our findings have significant implications for urban planning in terms of expanding green infrastructure to promote public health and reduce health disparities,” Kim said.

Other Northwestern authors are Brian Joyce, Drew Nannini, Yinan Zheng, Dr. Donald Lloyd-Jones and Dr. Douglas Vaughan.

The paper is titled, “Inequalities in urban greenness and epigenetic aging: different associations by race and neighborhood socioeconomic status.”

The study was funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants and the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging grant, all of the National Institutes of Health, and the American Heart Association grants.

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