Finland/Uganda: Zoology Large Parasitoid Wasp Species Discovered in the African Jungle

Through extensive sampling and thorough taxonomic assessment scientists from Finland found two new species in Uganda and demonstrated the limitations of previous sampling efforts. Their focus was on a parasitoid wasp family and revealed a new large-sized insect species.

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University of Turku

Turku/Finland — Scientists at the Biodiversity Unit of the University of Turku have studied the diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps for years. Parasitoid wasps are one of the most species rich animal taxa on Earth, but their tropical diversity is still poorly known. Recently, the research group sampled Afrotropical rhyssine wasps, which are among the largest wasps. Scientists from three countries and research institutes participated in the research which was led by the University of Turku research group.

Rhyssines are sizeable wasps that parasitise the beetle or wasp larvae of decaying wood. The largest species can grow over ten centimetres in length. Females carry an extremely long ovipositor, which is used to drill through wood, stab and paralyse the host, and lay eggs. Large-sized insect species are usually known better than small species, but tropical rhyssines are an exception.

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A good example of how poorly tropical rhyssines are known is the species Epirhyssa overlaeti, which is the largest African rhyssine. Only two females were known before, one collected in the 1930s in the Congo and the other one in Cameroon in the 1980s. Now, at one single Ugandan site, the researchers found large numbers of both females and males. This completely changed what is known of the distribution of the species, says Doctoral Candidate Tapani Hopkins from the Biodiversity Unit of the University of Turku, who led the project.

Scientists at the Biodiversity Unit of the University of Turku have previously studied the diversity of rhyssine wasps especially in the Amazonian lowland rainforest. In their Amazonian research, they described ten large-sized South-American species new to science and their understanding of the diversity of South American tropical rainforest parasitoid wasps has changed. Professor in Biodiversity Research Ilari Sääksjärvi from the Biodiversity Unit of the University of Turku explained that extending the research to the African continent was important, because the scientists' goal is to understand the global diversity of the parasitoid insects which are extremely species rich.

In the newest study, two new African tropical parasitoid wasp species were described. They named one of the new species Epirhyssa quagga, because its colouration resembles that of a zebra. The other species became Epirhyssa johanna. The name Johanna refers to Hopkins' wife.

The research results were published on Monday, 7 October 2019 in the open access journal Zoo Keys.

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