Supplements of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs), the sugars found in breast milk, may help improve the gut health of adults, according to new research carried out at the Quadram Institute.

A new systemic analysis of the complex molecular interactions between bacteria and our own cells has mapped out an arms race that may provide clues to what makes bacteria successful invaders. The analysis focused on autophagy, which is a vital process in the defence against pathogenic microbes.