Effective Nanoparticles Gold May Hold the Secret to Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Researchers from China explored a new treatment method for inflammatory bowel disease using ultrasmall Au₂₅ — gold — nanoparticles. In previous studies, these nanoclusters have been found to effectively eliminate a variety of reactive oxygen species, a type of free radical molecule that can build up and damage DNA, RNA and proteins in a cell.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), also known as green cancer, is a chronic, non-specific disease of the intestine. IBD includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which tend to be debilitating, lifelong conditions that can prove fatal in severe cases. Currently, there is no cure for IBD. The main clinical treatments are drugs such as aminosalicylic acid preparations and corticosteroids, but they are often accompanied by gastrointestinal problems, anaemia, and various intestinal complications. Finding alternative, more effective options is a priority for researchers.

In the gastrointestinal tract of IBD patients, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly found.Ultrasmall Au₂₅ nanoparticles have shown to be effective in eliminating ROS. A team of Chinese researchers found that administering Au₂₅ nanoclusters orally to mice suffering from colitis eliminated ROS, increased antioxidant enzymes, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines, without any obvious side effects. According to one of the paper’s authors, Fei Wang of China’s The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, a reduction in the inflammation in the gastrointestinal tracts of the mice was observed within 24 hours. She adds: “And the fact that these nanoclusters can be administered orally, means there is no need for invasive procedures.”

In addition, the team found that the nanoclusters have a number of benefits when compared with natural enzymes used in traditional IBD treatments, including lower cost, better stability, mass synthesis and easier storage. Wang explains: “The storage of Au₂₅ nanoclusters was not affected by pH, temperature or solution medium, and their good physiological stability and acid resistance meant they were easily able to access the inflamed colon. They also have good biocompatibility and chemical stability and can remove a variety of ROS.”

Wang concludes: “Au₂₅ nanoclusters offer a promising strategy in the research field of nanomedicine therapy for IBD. We believe this study demonstrates their value as a scientific basis and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of IBD.”

References: An orally administered gold nanocluster with ROS scavenging for inflammatory bowel disease treatment; Keai journal; DOI:10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.002

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